Urticaria

Urticaria, also known as "hives," is a skin reaction in which itchy rashes appear in the form of raised, red or pale plaques (hives), similar to those that occur when you come into contact with nettles. The rashes can appear anywhere on the body and usually disappear within 24 hours without leaving a trace.

Types of urticaria
1. Acute urticaria
Lasts less than 6 weeks. It is most often caused by infections, foods, medications, or insect bites.
2. Chronic urticaria
It lasts for more than 6 weeks. In many cases, the cause remains unknown. It may be autoimmune or related to internal diseases.
3. Physical urticaria
It is provoked by external physical factors - cold, heat, pressure, sun, vibrations, water or exercise.

Symptoms
- Itchy rashes (hives) that often merge
- Redness or pale areas on the skin
- Swelling of the lips, eyelids or other areas (angioedema)
- In severe cases – difficulty breathing (emergency!)

Causes and triggering factors
- Allergens (foods: nuts, seafood, eggs)
- Medications (antibiotics, NSAIDs, contrast agents)
- Infections (viral, bacterial)
- Cold, heat, pressure, sweating
- Hormonal changes, stress

Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made clinically. In most cases, acute urticaria does not require any tests. Chronic urticaria may require allergy testing, blood tests, and consultation with a specialist.

Treatment
The main goal is to relieve symptoms and avoid triggering factors.
• Antihistamines (H1-blockers)
• In severe forms – corticosteroids for a short time
• For chronic urticaria – high doses of antihistamines, omalizumab (biological therapy)

Urticaria is an unpleasant but often transient condition. With appropriate treatment and follow-up, most cases are successfully managed.