Folliculitis

Folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicle, which manifests itself as red bumps, sometimes with a purulent top. It can affect any hairy area of the body – face, neck, chest, back, thighs, buttocks. The disease can be superficial or deep, acute or chronic, and has various causes.

Causes of folliculitis
- Bacterial infection – most often **Staphylococcus aureus**
- Fungal infections (Candida, Malassezia)
- Parasites – Demodex folliculorum
- Mechanical irritation (rubbing, shaving, tight clothing)
- Heat, sweat, humidity – e.g. folliculitis in athletes
- Immunosuppression or systemic diseases (e.g. diabetes)

Types of folliculitis
**1. Superficial folliculitis:**
- Small red papules with a purulent top around a hair
- Mild pain or itching
- Often self-limiting

**2. Deep folliculitis (furuncle, carbuncle):**
- Deeper, painful nodules with pus
- They can merge and form an abscess

Diagnosis
- Clinically applied by a dermatologist
- In chronic or atypical cases – microbiological examination
- Differential diagnosis: acne, rosacea, boils, oral dermatosis

Treatment

**Mild folliculitis:**
- Antiseptic washes (e.g. chlorhexidine)
- Topical antibiotics – mupirocin, fusidic acid
- Avoid mechanical irritation and humid environments

**More severe or chronic forms:**
- Systemic antibiotics – for staphylococcal infections (e.g. clindamycin, doxycycline)
- Antifungals – in case of proven fungal infection
- Laser hair removal – for recurrent folliculitis associated with ingrown hairs

Folliculitis is usually benign and responds well to treatment. However, it is important to identify the cause and avoid triggers to prevent it from becoming chronic or developing complications such as abscesses and scarring.