Ureaplasma and mycoplasma

Ureaplasma (*Ureaplasma urealyticum*) and mycoplasma (*Mycoplasma genitalium*) are microscopic bacteria that can be sexually transmitted and cause infections of the genitourinary system. Unlike many other bacteria, they do not have a cell wall, making them difficult to detect and treat with common antibiotics.

How are they transmitted?

- Through vaginal, oral, or anal sexual contact with an infected partner
- From mother to child during childbirth (can lead to infections in newborns)
- Not transmitted through kissing, utensils or toilets

Symptoms

**For men:**
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Secretion from the urethra
- Testicular pain (epididymitis)

**For women:**
- Vaginal discharge
- Pain in the lower abdomen
- Discomfort when urinating
- Pain during intercourse
- Possible cervical infection

**Asymptomatic course:**
- Many people have no complaints, but can transmit the infection to their partner
Complications of untreated infection
- Inflammation of the urethra (non-gonococcal urethritis)
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (in women)
- Infertility (with prolonged infection)
- Chronic discomfort in the pelvis or testicles
- During pregnancy – risk of premature birth or infections in the newborn

Diagnosis

- PCR tests from urethral, cervical or vaginal secretions
- First-stream urine test (in men)
- Testing is recommended if symptoms occur or other STIs are present

Treatment

- **Antibiotics:**
• Doxycycline or azithromycin
- Treatment of the partner is also recommended
- Temporary abstinence from sexual intercourse until the end of therapy